C++ || Class – A Simple Calculator Implementation Using A Class, Enum List, Typedef & Header Files

February 11, 2012 admin No comments

The following is another homework assignment which was presented in a programming class, that was used to introduce the concept of the class data structure, which is very similar to the struct data structure.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Header Files - How To Use Them Class - Data Structure Enumerated List Typedef Do/While Loop Passing a Value By Reference Constant Variables Atoi - Convert String To Int Value

This is an interactive program which simulates a basic arithmetic calculator, where the user has the option of selecting from 9 modes of operation. Of those modes, the user has the option of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing two numbers together. Also included in the calculator is a mode which deducts percentages from any given variable the user desires, so for example, if the user wanted to deduct 23% from the number 87, the program would display the reduced value of 66.99.

A sample of the menu is as followed:
(Where the user would enter numbers 1-9 to select a choice)





		
		
			Calculator Options:
  1) Clear Calculator
  2) Set Initial Calculator Value
  3) Display The Current Value
  4) Add
  5) Subtract
  6) Divide
  7) Multiply
  8) Percentage Calculator
  9) Quit

Please enter a selection:
			
				
					
				
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						Calculator Options:
  1) Clear Calculator
  2) Set Initial Calculator Value
  3) Display The Current Value
  4) Add
  5) Subtract
  6) Divide
  7) Multiply
  8) Percentage Calculator
  9) Quit
 
Please enter a selection:

This program was implemented into 3 different files (two .cpp files, and one header file .h). So the code for this program will be broken up into 3 sections, the main file (.cpp), the header file (.h), and the implementation of the functions within the header file (.cpp).

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.

======== File #1 Main.cpp ========





		
		
			File #1 - main.cpp
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
// This program tests the CCalc class. A loop is entered where the user is
// prompted for a simple mathematical operation to be performed by the CCalc
// class. The user is allowed to manipulate the calculator until they
// indicate they wish to quit.
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include "CCalc.h"
using namespace std;


// defined constants
const   int         LENGTH = 81;

// function prototypes
void    DisplayMenu();
void    HandleMenuSelection(CCalc  &calcObject, int  menuItem);

// enumerated list
enum    MenuChoice  { ITEM_CLEAR = 1
                    , ITEM_SET_VALUE = 2
                    , ITEM_DISPLAY_VALUE = 3
                    , ITEM_ADD = 4
                    , ITEM_SUBTRACT = 5
                    , ITEM_DIVIDE = 6
                    , ITEM_MULTIPLY = 7
                    , ITEM_PERCENT = 8
                    , ITEM_QUIT = 9};

// ==== main ==================================================================
//
// ============================================================================

int  main()
{
    // variable declarations
    CCalc       calculator;  // 'calculator' is an accessor to the 'CCalc' class
    char        myString[LENGTH];
    int         menuItem=0;

    // initialize the calculator
    calculator.SetCurrentValue(0);

    // loop and let the user manipulate the calculator
    do{
	       // display the menu and get the user selection
        DisplayMenu();
        cout << "nPlease enter a selection: ";
        cin.getline(myString, LENGTH);

        // convert the ascii string into an integer
        menuItem = atoi(myString);

        // creates a line seperator after each task is executed
        cout<<setfill('-');
        cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 
		
        // handle the menu selection
        HandleMenuSelection(calculator, menuItem);
        cout <<endl;
		
        // creates a line seperator after each task is executed
        cout<<setfill('-');
        cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 

        // ensures the menu isnt displayed twice on the screen
        if(menuItem!=1 && menuItem!=3 && menuItem!=9)
        {
		   cin.ignore();
        }
	}while(menuItem!=ITEM_QUIT);

	cout << "nBye....n";

	return 0;
}  // end of "main"

// ==== DisplayMenu ===========================================================
//
// This function displays the menu of options to stdout.
//
// Input:  nothing
//
// Output: nothing
//
// ============================================================================
void    DisplayMenu()
{
    cout << "Calculator Options:" << endl;
    cout << "  1) Clear Calculator" << endl;
    cout << "  2) Set Initial Calculator Value" << endl;
    cout << "  3) Display The Current Value" << endl;
    cout << "  4) Add" << endl;
    cout << "  5) Subtract" << endl;
    cout << "  6) Divide" << endl;
    cout << "  7) Multiply" << endl;
    cout << "  8) Percentage Calculator" << endl;
    cout << "  9) Quit" << endl;
}  // end of "DisplayMenu"

// ==== HandleMenuSelection ===================================================
//
// This function handles the menu selection by examining the input integer
// value and calling the appropriate function.
//
// Input:
//      calculator      -- a reference to the CCalc class
//
//      menuItem        -- an integer representing the current menu selection
//
// Output:
//      The desired user selection
//
// ============================================================================
void   HandleMenuSelection(CCalc  &calculator, int  menuItem)
{
	double currentValue = 0;
	double prevNum = calculator.GetPreviousValue();

	// checks to see which user defined selection the calculator will execute
	// as defined in the enum list located above the main function.
	// A switch would be more practical to be used here, but i wasnt 
	// comfortable yet using switches when this program was initially made
	if (menuItem == ITEM_CLEAR)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is " << calculator.Clear() << endl;
	}
	// set a initial value
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_SET_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "nPlease enter a new value to assign: ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		calculator.SetCurrentValue(currentValue);
	}
	// display current value
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_DISPLAY_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// add current number by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_ADD)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a number to be added to "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;	

		calculator.Add(currentValue);
		cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" + "<<currentValue<<" = "<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// subtract current number by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_SUBTRACT)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a number to be subtracted from "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;

		calculator.Subtract(currentValue);
		cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" - "<<currentValue<<" = "
			<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// divide current value by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_DIVIDE)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a divisor to be divided by "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		if (currentValue == 0)
		{
			cout << "nSorry, division by zero is not allowed...nPlease press ENTER to continue...";
			cin.get();
		}
		else
		{
			calculator.Divide(currentValue);
			cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" "<<char(246)<<" "<<currentValue<<" = "
				<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
		}
	}
	    // multiply current value by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_MULTIPLY)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a number to be multiplied by "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		
		calculator.Multiply(currentValue);
		cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" x "<<currentValue<<" = "
			<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// convert value to decimal percent
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_PERCENT) 
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a percentage to be deducted from "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		
		cout << "n"<<currentValue<<"% off of "<<prevNum<<" is "
			<< calculator.GetPercentage(currentValue) <<endl;
	}
	// quit program
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_QUIT) 
	{
		cout << "nCalculator will now quit";
	}
	// user entered an invalid choice
	else
	{
		cout << "nYou have entered an invalid command...nPlease press ENTER to try again.";
	}
}  // http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
// This program tests the CCalc class. A loop is entered where the user is
// prompted for a simple mathematical operation to be performed by the CCalc
// class. The user is allowed to manipulate the calculator until they
// indicate they wish to quit.
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include "CCalc.h"
using namespace std;
 
 
// defined constants
const   int         LENGTH = 81;
 
// function prototypes
void    DisplayMenu();
void    HandleMenuSelection(CCalc  &calcObject, int  menuItem);
 
// enumerated list
enum    MenuChoice  { ITEM_CLEAR = 1
                    , ITEM_SET_VALUE = 2
                    , ITEM_DISPLAY_VALUE = 3
                    , ITEM_ADD = 4
                    , ITEM_SUBTRACT = 5
                    , ITEM_DIVIDE = 6
                    , ITEM_MULTIPLY = 7
                    , ITEM_PERCENT = 8
                    , ITEM_QUIT = 9};
 
// ==== main ==================================================================
//
// ============================================================================
 
int  main()
{
    // variable declarations
    CCalc       calculator;  // 'calculator' is an accessor to the 'CCalc' class
    char        myString[LENGTH];
    int         menuItem=0;
 
    // initialize the calculator
    calculator.SetCurrentValue(0);
 
    // loop and let the user manipulate the calculator
    do{
	       // display the menu and get the user selection
        DisplayMenu();
        cout << "nPlease enter a selection: ";
        cin.getline(myString, LENGTH);
 
        // convert the ascii string into an integer
        menuItem = atoi(myString);
 
        // creates a line seperator after each task is executed
        cout<<setfill('-');
        cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 
		
        // handle the menu selection
        HandleMenuSelection(calculator, menuItem);
        cout <<endl;
		
        // creates a line seperator after each task is executed
        cout<<setfill('-');
        cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 
 
        // ensures the menu isnt displayed twice on the screen
        if(menuItem!=1 && menuItem!=3 && menuItem!=9)
        {
		   cin.ignore();
        }
	}while(menuItem!=ITEM_QUIT);
 
	cout << "nBye....n";
 
	return 0;
}  // end of "main"
 
// ==== DisplayMenu ===========================================================
//
// This function displays the menu of options to stdout.
//
// Input:  nothing
//
// Output: nothing
//
// ============================================================================
void    DisplayMenu()
{
    cout << "Calculator Options:" << endl;
    cout << "  1) Clear Calculator" << endl;
    cout << "  2) Set Initial Calculator Value" << endl;
    cout << "  3) Display The Current Value" << endl;
    cout << "  4) Add" << endl;
    cout << "  5) Subtract" << endl;
    cout << "  6) Divide" << endl;
    cout << "  7) Multiply" << endl;
    cout << "  8) Percentage Calculator" << endl;
    cout << "  9) Quit" << endl;
}  // end of "DisplayMenu"
 
// ==== HandleMenuSelection ===================================================
//
// This function handles the menu selection by examining the input integer
// value and calling the appropriate function.
//
// Input:
//      calculator      -- a reference to the CCalc class
//
//      menuItem        -- an integer representing the current menu selection
//
// Output:
//      The desired user selection
//
// ============================================================================
void   HandleMenuSelection(CCalc  &calculator, int  menuItem)
{
	double currentValue = 0;
	double prevNum = calculator.GetPreviousValue();
 
	// checks to see which user defined selection the calculator will execute
	// as defined in the enum list located above the main function.
	// A switch would be more practical to be used here, but i wasnt 
	// comfortable yet using switches when this program was initially made
	if (menuItem == ITEM_CLEAR)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is " << calculator.Clear() << endl;
	}
	// set a initial value
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_SET_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "nPlease enter a new value to assign: ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		calculator.SetCurrentValue(currentValue);
	}
	// display current value
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_DISPLAY_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// add current number by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_ADD)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a number to be added to "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;	
 
		calculator.Add(currentValue);
		cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" + "<<currentValue<<" = "<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// subtract current number by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_SUBTRACT)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a number to be subtracted from "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
 
		calculator.Subtract(currentValue);
		cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" - "<<currentValue<<" = "
			<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// divide current value by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_DIVIDE)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a divisor to be divided by "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		if (currentValue == 0)
		{
			cout << "nSorry, division by zero is not allowed...nPlease press ENTER to continue...";
			cin.get();
		}
		else
		{
			calculator.Divide(currentValue);
			cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" "<<char(246)<<" "<<currentValue<<" = "
				<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
		}
	}
	    // multiply current value by another number
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_MULTIPLY)
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a number to be multiplied by "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		
		calculator.Multiply(currentValue);
		cout << "n"<<prevNum<<" x "<<currentValue<<" = "
			<< calculator.DisplayCurrentValue() <<endl;
	}
	// convert value to decimal percent
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_PERCENT) 
	{
		cout << "nThe current value is: "<< prevNum <<endl;
		cout << "nPlease enter a percentage to be deducted from "<<prevNum<<": ";
		cin >> currentValue;
		
		cout << "n"<<currentValue<<"% off of "<<prevNum<<" is "
			<< calculator.GetPercentage(currentValue) <<endl;
	}
	// quit program
	else if (menuItem == ITEM_QUIT) 
	{
		cout << "nCalculator will now quit";
	}
	// user entered an invalid choice
	else
	{
		cout << "nYou have entered an invalid command...nPlease press ENTER to try again.";
	}
}  // http://programmingnotes.org/

======== File #2 CCalc.h. ========

Remember, you need to name the header file the same as the #include from the main.cpp file. This file contains the function declarations, but no implementation of those functions takes place here.





		
		
			File #2 - CCalc.h
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
// File: CCalc.h
// ============================================================================
// This is the header file for the CCalc class.
// ============================================================================

#ifndef CCALC_HEADER
#define CCALC_HEADER

// a typedef statement to create a synonym for 
// the 'double' data type named "CCalcType"
typedef	double CCalcType;

class   CCalc    // this is the 'CCalc' class declaration
{
public:
    // constructor
    CCalc(); // initializes variables

    // member functions
    void        Add(CCalcType  value); // adds numbers together
    CCalcType   Clear();  // clears the current number in the calculator
    void        Divide(CCalcType  value); // divides numbers together
    CCalcType   DisplayCurrentValue(); // displays the current value in the calculator
    CCalcType   GetPreviousValue(); // returns the previous value in the calculator
    CCalcType   GetPercentage(CCalcType  value); // deducts a user specified percentage of a given value
    void        Multiply(CCalcType  value); // multiplies numbers together
    void        SetCurrentValue(CCalcType  value); // set a current value in the calculator
    void        Subtract(CCalcType  value); // subtracts two numbers together

     // destructor
     ~CCalc();  // deletes any variables contained in the class

private:
    CCalcType   m_total; // private variable used within the program
};
#endif  // CCALC_HEADER -- http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
// File: CCalc.h
// ============================================================================
// This is the header file for the CCalc class.
// ============================================================================
 
#ifndef CCALC_HEADER
#define CCALC_HEADER
 
// a typedef statement to create a synonym for 
// the 'double' data type named "CCalcType"
typedef	double CCalcType;
 
class   CCalc    // this is the 'CCalc' class declaration
{
public:
    // constructor
    CCalc(); // initializes variables
 
    // member functions
    void        Add(CCalcType  value); // adds numbers together
    CCalcType   Clear();  // clears the current number in the calculator
    void        Divide(CCalcType  value); // divides numbers together
    CCalcType   DisplayCurrentValue(); // displays the current value in the calculator
    CCalcType   GetPreviousValue(); // returns the previous value in the calculator
    CCalcType   GetPercentage(CCalcType  value); // deducts a user specified percentage of a given value
    void        Multiply(CCalcType  value); // multiplies numbers together
    void        SetCurrentValue(CCalcType  value); // set a current value in the calculator
    void        Subtract(CCalcType  value); // subtracts two numbers together
 
     // destructor
     ~CCalc();  // deletes any variables contained in the class
 
private:
    CCalcType   m_total; // private variable used within the program
};
#endif  // CCALC_HEADER -- http://programmingnotes.org/

======== File #3 CCalc.cpp. ========

This is the function implementation file for the CCalc.h class. This file can be named anything you wish as long as you #include “CCalc.h”





		
		
			File #3 - CCalc.cpp
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
// File: CCalc.cpp
// ============================================================================
// This is the function implementation file for the CCalc.h class.
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include "CCalc.h"
using namespace std;

CCalc::CCalc() // this is the constructor
{
	m_total = 0;
}// end of CCalc

void CCalc::Add(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total += value;
}// end of Add

CCalcType CCalc::Clear()
{
	m_total = 0;
	return m_total;
}// end of Clear

void CCalc::Divide(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total /= value;
}// end of Divide

CCalcType CCalc::DisplayCurrentValue()
{
	return m_total;
}// end of DisplayCurrentValue

CCalcType CCalc::GetPreviousValue()
{
	return m_total;
}// end of GetPreviousValue

void CCalc::Multiply(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total *= value;
}// end if Multiply

void CCalc::SetCurrentValue(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total = value;
}// end of SetValue

void CCalc::Subtract(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total -= value;
}// end of Subtract

CCalcType CCalc::GetPercentage(CCalcType  value)
{
	CCalcType percent= value/100;
	CCalcType tempTotal = m_total; 

	tempTotal *= percent;
	m_total -= tempTotal;

	return m_total;
}// end of GetPercentage

CCalc::~CCalc() // this is the destructor
{
	m_total = 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
// File: CCalc.cpp
// ============================================================================
// This is the function implementation file for the CCalc.h class.
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include "CCalc.h"
using namespace std;
 
CCalc::CCalc() // this is the constructor
{
	m_total = 0;
}// end of CCalc
 
void CCalc::Add(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total += value;
}// end of Add
 
CCalcType CCalc::Clear()
{
	m_total = 0;
	return m_total;
}// end of Clear
 
void CCalc::Divide(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total /= value;
}// end of Divide
 
CCalcType CCalc::DisplayCurrentValue()
{
	return m_total;
}// end of DisplayCurrentValue
 
CCalcType CCalc::GetPreviousValue()
{
	return m_total;
}// end of GetPreviousValue
 
void CCalc::Multiply(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total *= value;
}// end if Multiply
 
void CCalc::SetCurrentValue(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total = value;
}// end of SetValue
 
void CCalc::Subtract(CCalcType  value)
{
	m_total -= value;
}// end of Subtract
 
CCalcType CCalc::GetPercentage(CCalcType  value)
{
	CCalcType percent= value/100;
	CCalcType tempTotal = m_total; 
 
	tempTotal *= percent;
	m_total -= tempTotal;
 
	return m_total;
}// end of GetPercentage
 
CCalc::~CCalc() // this is the destructor
{
	m_total = 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit
Please enter a selection: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------ You have entered an invalid command... Please ENTER to try again. ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Please enter a new value to assign: 2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 3 ------------------------------------------------------------ The current value is: 2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 4 ------------------------------------------------------------ The current value is: 2 Please enter a number to be added to 2: 2 2 + 2 = 4 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 5 ------------------------------------------------------------ The current value is: 4 Please enter a number to be subtracted from 4: 6 4 - 6 = -2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 6 ------------------------------------------------------------ The current value is: -2 Please enter a divisor to be divided by -2: -2 -2 ÷ -2 = 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 7 ------------------------------------------------------------ The current value is: 1 Please enter a number to be multiplied by 1: 87 1 x 87 = 87 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 8 ------------------------------------------------------------ The current value is: 87 Please enter a percentage to be deducted from 87: 23 23% off of 87 is 66.99 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator Options: 1) Clear Calculator 2) Set Initial Calculator Value 3) Display The Current Value 4) Add 5) Subtract 6) Divide 7) Multiply 8.) Percentage Calculator 9) Quit Please enter a selection: 9 ------------------------------------------------------------ Calculator will now quit ------------------------------------------------------------
Bye....

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Posted in: Advanced, C++ Tags: c++, class, const, do/while loop, functions

C++ || Class – A Simple Calculator Implementation Using A Class, Enum List, Typedef & Header Files

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